Frequently asked questions

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that affects the retina in the back of the eye, specifically targeting the macula. In this condition, the central vision of an eye is either partially or completely lost. This occurs because metabolic byproducts accumulate in the sensory cells of the macula lutea, also known as the yellow spot, and destroy them. Central vision is impaired as a result. Even if both eyes are affected, spatial orientation remains intact.

The most common form of macular degeneration is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Initial symptoms include blurred and distorted perception in the center of the visual field. This makes reading and recognizing people increasingly difficult. In Germany, approximately four million people are affected by the disease. AMD is by far the most common cause of blindness in Germany, although even in severe cases, peripheral vision and spatial orientation are almost always preserved.

AMD is the most common cause of blindness in western industrialized countries. The incidence of AMD increases with age. It usually occurs after the age of 60. Early stages of AMD occur in one in five 70-year-olds and in 30 to 40 percent of all 85-year-olds.

Changes in the center of the retina can often be detected by the eye doctor before the patient notices any visual impairments.

Initially, the doctor will inquire about possible visual impairments with the patient. In addition, they perform vision tests to assess visual acuity and identify other visual disturbances. For diagnosing distorted perceptions, for example, the Amsler grid test is suitable: The patient must cover one eye and observe a printed grid from a distance of 30 to 40 centimeters. If the grid appears distorted, blurry, or unclear, this could be an indication of AMD.

Amsler Grid Test

The test works as follows: Cover one eye and fixate on the dot in the center with the other eye (normal reading distance, 30-40 cm). Then, test the other eye, also "one-eyed", meaning one eye is covered and the other is tested.

If you normally use reading glasses, you must wear them for the test as well!

If any of the following effects occur:

• the dot in the center is not visible
• "holes" or gray veils
• dark or blurry spot
• unevenly sized boxes
• distorted or warped lines

do not hesitate to consult an eye doctor. This also applies if you notice changes when looking at tile joints or window crosses.

Note:

The self-test with the Amsler grid complements regular eye examinations but does not replace them.

Macular degeneration is a progressive condition. The speed at which vision deteriorates is unpredictable. Regular eye examinations are therefore important. In addition, every affected individual should be vigilant for signs of worsening vision.

The main risk factors for age-related macular degeneration are genetics and age, which cannot be controlled. However, you do not have to passively accept the loss of your vision. Alongside ophthalmological therapy, it is beneficial to provide your eyes with a diet rich in minerals and vitamins. Additionally, we recommend adopting a healthy lifestyle and avoiding additional risk factors:

• Quit smoking
• Protect yourself from strong sunlight with UV-blocking sunglasses
• Prevent high blood pressure through daily exercise (5,000-6,000 steps/approximately 1 hour)
• Shield yourself from blue light (mobile/computer screens, LEDs, etc.) by reducing your screen time or wearing glasses with a blue light filter
• Maintain a balanced and healthy diet. (Detailed dietary recommendations can be found here)

Below are links to further information about age-related macular degeneration:

• German Ophthalmological Society
• Professional Association of German Ophthalmologists e.V.
• Techniker Krankenkasse (medical insurance)
• Amsler-Gitter Test
• Macular degeneration and nutrition
• Treating macular degeneration early
• Study on dietary supplements for age-related macular degeneration
• SOS Eye Light